CPU Architecture

Memory: This is the area used by the processor to sore raw data and instruction.

Microprocessor: This is the CPU, which is the main component in a computer that does all the processing work of the data fed into computer.

It contains three units viz,

1. Memory Unit (Internal called as registers).
2. Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU).
3. Control Unit

Memory unit: it holds the data and set of instruction given by the programmer. After execution of the instruction the results are stored in the memory. These may be used for subsequent computation or sent to the output unit.

Control unit: it is the nervous system of the computer. It controls all arithmetic operation to be performed. This unit co-ordinates the activities of all other units in the system. It has two main functions.

They are:

1. To control the transfer of data and information between various units.
2. To indicate appropriate function by the arithmetic unit.

Arithmetic logic unit (ALU): This unit does arithmetic calculations and logical operations involved in the program. Such as addition, multiplication, comparison etc.

Bus: these are the pathways through which data and instruction pas from one area to another within the computer. The bus carries the signals to various devices that are attached to the computer. There are three buses:- Address bus, control bus and data bus.

The CPU uses the address bus to select the memory address of the advice in order to read the data bus the actual data is sent the data bus control bus carries the control information like instructing the ALU which apparition to perform. Out of these buses the address and control bus is unidirectional whenever the data bus is bidirectional.

 Storage devices: These are the floppy drive and hard disk drive both of which we would discuss in detail in the lesson a secondary memory devices.

Motherboard: the motherboard is the primary component of the entire system without the support circuitry and functions that device provides, even the CPU is unable to function.

Functions of Various Register

1. MAR (Memory Address Register): It holds the address of the active memory location.
2. MBR (Memory Buffer Register): It holds information on its way to and from memory.
3. PC (Program Control): It holds the address of the next instruction to be executed.
4. ACCUMULATOR (A): Its accumulator results and data to be operated upon.
5. INSTRUCTION (I): Its holds a while it is been executed.
6. INPUT/OUTPUT (I/O): It communicates with the I/O device.